Colors are specified using predefined color names, or RGB, HEX, HSL, RGBA, HSLA values.
Color Names
In HTML, a color can be specified by using a color name:
Tomato
Orange
DodgerBlue
MediumSeaGreen
Gray
SlateBlue
Violet
LightGray
.
Background Color
You can set the background color for HTML elements:
Hello World
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Example
<h1 style="background-color:DodgerBlue;">Hello World</h1>
<p style="background-color:Tomato;">Lorem
ipsum...</p>
Text Color
You can set the color of text:Hello World
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dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.
Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
Example
<h1 style="color:Tomato;">Hello
World</h1>
<p style="color:DodgerBlue;">Lorem
ipsum...</p>
<p style="color:MediumSeaGreen;">Ut wisi
enim...</p>
Border Color
You can set the color of borders:
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Example
<h1 style="border:2px
solid Tomato;">Hello
World</h1>
<h1 style="border:2px
solid DodgerBlue;">Hello
World</h1>
<h1 style="border:2px
solid Violet;">Hello
World</h1>
Color Values
In HTML, colors can also be specified using RGB values, HEX values, HSL
values, RGBA values, and HSLA values:
Same as color name "Tomato":
rgb(255, 99, 71)
#ff6347
hsl(9, 100%, 64%)
Same as color name "Tomato", but 50% transparent:
rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.5)
hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.5)
Example
<h1 style="background-color:rgb(255,
99, 71);">...</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#ff6347;">...</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(9,
100%, 64%);">...</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:rgba(255,
99, 71, 0.5);">...</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9,
100%, 64%, 0.5);">...</h1>
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RGB Value
In HTML, a color can be specified as an RGB value, using this formula:
rgb(red, green, blue)
Each parameter (red, green, and
blue) defines the intensity of the color between 0 and 255.
For example, rgb(255, 0, 0) is displayed as red,
because red is set to its highest value (255) and the others are
set to 0.
To display the color black, all color parameters must be set to 0, like this:
rgb(0, 0, 0).
To display the color white, all color parameters must be set to 255, like
this: rgb(255, 255, 255).
Experiment by mixing the RGB values below:
rgb(255, 99, 71)
RED
255
GREEN
99
BLUE
71
Example
rgb(255, 0, 0)
rgb(0, 0, 255)
rgb(60, 179, 113)
rgb(238, 130, 238)
rgb(255, 165, 0)
rgb(106, 90, 205)
Shades of gray are often defined using equal values for all the 3 light sources:
Example
rgb(0, 0, 0)
rgb(60, 60, 60)
rgb(120, 120, 120)
rgb(180, 180, 180)
rgb(240, 240, 240)
rgb(255, 255, 255)
HEX Value
In HTML, a color can be specified using a hexadecimal value in
the form:
#rrggbb
Where rr (red), gg (green) and bb (blue) are hexadecimal values between 00 and ff (same as decimal 0-255).
For example, #ff0000 is displayed as red, because red is set to its highest value (ff) and the others are set to
the lowest value (00).
Example
#ff0000
#0000ff
#3cb371
#ee82ee
#ffa500
#6a5acd
Shades of gray are often defined using equal values for all the 3 light sources:
Example
#000000
#3c3c3c
#787878
#b4b4b4
#f0f0f0
#ffffff
HSL Value
In HTML, a color can be specified using hue, saturation, and lightness (HSL) in
the form:
hsl(hue, saturation, lightness)
Hue is a degree on the color wheel from 0 to 360. 0 is red, 120 is green, and 240 is blue.
Saturation is a percentage value, 0% means a shade of gray, and 100% is the full color.
Lightness is also a percentage, 0% is black, 50% is neither light or dark, 100% is white
Example
hsl(0, 100%, 50%)
hsl(240, 100%, 50%)
hsl(147, 50%, 47%)
hsl(300, 76%, 72%)
hsl(39, 100%, 50%)
hsl(248, 53%, 58%)
Saturation
Saturation can be describe as the intensity of a color.
100% is pure color, no shades of gray
50% is 50% gray, but you can still see the color.
0% is completely gray, you can no longer see the color.
Example
hsl(0, 100%, 50%)
hsl(0, 80%, 50%)
hsl(0, 60%, 50%)
hsl(0, 40%, 50%)
hsl(0, 20%, 50%)
hsl(0, 0%, 50%)
Lightness
The lightness of a color can be described as how much light you want
to give the color, where 0% means no light (black), 50% means 50% light
(neither dark nor light) 100% means full lightness (white).
Example
hsl(0, 100%, 0%)
hsl(0, 100%, 25%)
hsl(0, 100%, 50%)
hsl(0, 100%, 75%)
hsl(0, 100%, 90%)
hsl(0, 100%, 100%)
Shades of gray are often defined by setting the hue and saturation to 0, and
adjust the lightness from 0% to 100% to get darker/lighter shades:
Example
hsl(0, 0%, 0%)
hsl(0, 0%, 24%)
hsl(0, 0%, 47%)
hsl(0, 0%, 71%)
hsl(0, 0%, 94%)
hsl(0, 0%, 100%)
RGBA Value
RGBA color values are an extension of RGB color values with an alpha channel
- which specifies the opacity for a color.
An RGBA color value is
specified with:
rgba(red, green, blue,
alpha)
The alpha parameter is a number
between 0.0 (fully transparent) and 1.0 (not transparent at all):
Example
rgba(255, 99, 71, 0)
rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.2)
rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.4)
rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.6)
rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.8)
rgba(255, 99, 71, 1)
HSLA Value
HSLA color values are an extension of HSL color values with an alpha channel
- which specifies the opacity for a color.
An HSLA color value is
specified with:
hsla(hue, saturation, lightness,
alpha)
The alpha parameter is a number
between 0.0 (fully transparent) and 1.0 (not transparent at all):
Example
hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0)
hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.2)
hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.4)
hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.6)
hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.8)
hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 1)
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